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考点八 副词的用法
一、副词的分类
1.时间副词——表示时间,如:now现在 ;today今天; soon很快; ago以前
2.地点副词——表示地点,如:there那里; here这里; out在外边; up在上边
3.方式副词——描述动作发生的方式,如:slowly缓慢地; quickly迅速地; carefully细心地
4.程度副词——描述行为、动作或状态的程度,如:too太; really的确; quite相当
5.频度副词——表示一定时间内动作发生的次数,如:always总是;sometimes有时
6.疑问副词——用来引出特殊疑问句,如: why为什么; where在哪里; when什么时候
7.关系副词——用来引导定语从句,如:where,when,why
8.连接副词——用来连接句子或从句,如:therefore因此,however但是;用来引导名词性从句或者和动词不定式连用,如when, why, where, how
二、副词的基本用法
1.副词用来修饰形容词、其他副词,一般放在被修饰词之前。He plays the piano very well .
2.副词用来修饰动词,常放在动词之后。 He got up quickly.
3.enough 修饰adj /adv 时,放在其后. He is old enough to go to school .
三、常见副词用法辨析
1.already与yet的区别
already用于肯定句句中,表示“已经”;yet用于否定句句末,表示“还”,用于疑问句句末,表示“已经”
He had already left when I called.
Have you found your ruler yet?
2. very,much和very much的区别
very用于修饰形容词或副词的原级;much用于修饰形容词或副词的比较级;修饰动词要用very much。
John is very honest.
This garden is much bigger than that one.
Thank you very much.
3.so与such的区别
①so修饰形容词或副词;such 修饰名词。
My brother runs so fast that I can’t follow him.
He is such a boy.
②so+形容词+a/an+可数名词单数,such+a/an+形容词+可数名词单数
such+形容词+可数名词复数/不可数名词
He is so clever a boy.=He is such a clever boy.
It is such cold weather.
They are such good students.
③名词前有many ,much, few ,little (少量的) 用so 不用such .(多多少少仍用so), 但little 表示 “小的”时用such
There are so little sheep on the hill.
4.also,too,as well与either 的区别
also,as well,too,用于肯定句,also常用于be动词、情态动词、助动词之后,行为动词之前;as well,too用于句末;either用于否定句中,置于句末。
My father is a teacher. My mother is also a teacher.
=My father is a teacher. My mother is a teacher, too.
=My father is a teacher. My mother is a teacher as well.
I can’t speak French. Jenny can’t speak French either.
5.sometime,sometimes,some time与some times的区别
sometime:表示将来的或过去的某一个不确定的时间。
sometimes:有时,不时= at times
some time:一段时间
some times:几次,几倍
We’ll have a test some time next month.
Sometimes we are busy and sometimes we are not.
He stayed in Beijing for some time last year.
I have been to Beijing some times.
6.ago与before的区别
ago表示以现在为起点的“以前”,常与一般过去时连用,不可以单独使用。 before指过去或将来的某时刻“以前”,也可泛指以前,常和完成时连用,可以单独使用。
I saw him ten minutes ago
He told me that he had seen the film before.
7.now,just与just now的区别
now与一般现在时、现在进行时、现在完成时连用,意为“现在”
just与现在完成时连用,表示“刚……”
just now:和过去时连用,表示“刚才”
Where does he live now?
We have just seen the film.
He was here just now.
8.lonely / alone 的区别
1)alone 独自一人/没有同伴, 既可作adj 也可作adv.
2)lonely 表示孤独、寂寞,也可修饰地点,表示荒凉、偏僻的,常与feel 连用。
3)alone 只作表语 (以a开头的形容词一般只作表语,不作定语),而lonely 既可作表语,也可作定语)
He lives alone on a lonely island .
He is alone ,but he doesn’t feel lonely.
四、副词的同级比较
1.as+原级副词+as,表示前后两者情况一样
You walk as fast as he does.你和他走路一样快。
2.not as/so+原级副词+as,表示前者不如后者
He can't use the computer so/as well as you. 他用电脑没有你用得好。
五、副词的比较级
① 比较级+than... 比……更
He swims better than I do. 他游泳游得比我好。
② the + 比较级,the + 比较级 越……,就越……
The harder you work, the better you’ll learn. 你学的越用功,你就会学得越好。
③ more and more...越来越……
She plays the piano more and more beautifully. 她钢琴弹得越来越好听了。
六、副词的最高级
同形容词最高级用法基本一致——(the) + 副词最高级 + (in/of/among)
He studies (the) hardest of the three boys. 他是这三个男孩中学习最用功的。
She lives (the) nearest to the school. 她离学校住的最近。
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