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考点二十 主语从句

一、主语从句的引导词

1. that引导

That he is still alive is a wonder.

That we shall be late is certain.

2. whether引导

Whether it will do us harm remains to be seen.

Whether they would support us was a problem.

3. 连接代词引导

Whoever is top from wins the game when two matched players meet.

Whichever (of you) comes in first will receive a prize.

Whichever you want is yours.

4. 连接副词引导

When we arrive doesn’t matter.

How it was done was a mystery.

5. 关系代词型what引导

What we need is money.

What I want to know is this.

二、主语从句与形式主语it

有时为了考虑句子平衡，通常在主语从句处使用形式主语it，而将真正的主语从句移至句末。这分三种情况：

(1) 对于以连词that引导的主语从句，通常用形式主语it代主语从句：

It’s a pity that he didn’t come. 很遗憾他没来。

It is important that he should know about this. 他必须知道此事。

(2) 对于以连接代词(副词)引导的主语从句，可以使用形式主语代主语从句，也可直接在句首使用主语从句：

Whether they would support us was a problem. 他们是否会支持我们还是一个问题。

It was a problem whether they would support us. 他们是否会支持我们还是一个问题。

(3) 对关系代词型what引导的主语从句，通常直接将主语从句放在句首。如：

What we need is money. 我们需要的是钱。

What I want to know is this. 我想知道的就是这一点。

有时也可用形式主语。如：

It is clear enough what he meant. 他是什么意思很清楚。

三、连词that的省略问题

引导主语从句的连词that 有时可省，有时不能省，其原则是：若that引导的主语从句直接位于句首，则that不能省略；若that引导的主语从句位于句末，而在句首使用了形式主语it，则that可以省略：

That you didn’t go to the talk was a pity. 很遗憾你没去听报告。(that不可省)

It was a pity (that) you didn’t go to the talk. 很遗憾你没去听报告。(that可省)

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